This study was conducted to find out the effect of vermicompost and vermiwash on the growth and development of leaves and shoot length of brinjal plants. Brinjal is an important vegetable crop of the far east, bangladesh, india, china and the philippines. Symptoms include discolouration of the conducting tissues in the lower stem and roots of plants, wilting and eventual death of the plant. Resistance sources to bacterial wilt in eggplant have been identified and. If you would like to save the pdf file to your computer, follow these steps. Amongs them footrot of brinjal is most common disease caused by sclerotium rolfsii sacc. When seed may be carrying the fungal spores, using disease. Nutritive value of 100 g of edible portion of brinjal fruits 9 table 5. Brinjal accounts for about 9% of the total vegetable production and is cultivated on 8. Labs, guntur, andhra pradesh, india food is adulterated to increase the quantity and make more profit.
The name brinjal is popular in indian subcontinents and is derived from arabic and sanskrit whereas. Integrated disease management in potato and tomato. Pepper, bell diseases and pests, description, uses. Brinjal grows in almost all parts of the country but eight. Raising plant inside net house, a barrier to infestation and spread of esfb was a major success as damage was eggplant is an old world species, unlike other so lanaceous crops which are native to the new world. Resistance sources to bacterial wilt in eggplant solanum. Satyagopal korlapati, ias, dg, niphm, and guidance of shri. However, like its solanum relat ives, tomato and pepper, eggplant is an autogamous. Dingaras multiple purple, sinampiro from philippines, pusa purple cluster singnath, bholanath. The following links will open a pdf file in a new browser window. Increased production, together with a 14 percent increase in price and a 10 percent reduction in costs, leads to a substantial increase in profits from cultivating bt brinjal for treatment farmers compared with.
A general field survey of brinjal growing areas of tikamgarh was made by frequently visiting the various fields of different localities. The name brinjal is popular in indian subcontinents and is derived from arabic and sanskrit whereas the name eggplant has been derived from the shape of the fruit of some varieties which are white and resemble in shape to chicken eggs. Pseudomonas solanacearum symptoms bacterial wilt symptoms on leaf surface wilting, stunting, yellowing of the foliage and finally collapse of the entire plant are the characteristic symptoms of the disease. Young larvae feed on tender foliage, while advanced stages attack the fruits. Bell peppers, capsicum annuum are a cultivar group of annual or perennial plants in the family solanaceae grown for their edible fruits. Efficacy and economics of biopesticides for the management of. Marketable fruit yield of bt brinjal varieties and same nonbt brinjal varieties under confined field trial conditions at gazipur during 201011 and 201112 24 table 6. Water that has been adequately chlorinated, by using the minimum recommended water treatment standard provide protection against viral and bacterial waterborne diseases. More then ten diseases have been reported on brinjal from this country rangaswami, 1972. The eggplant is a warmclimate crop of high economic importance.
It is cultivated for the immature fruits which are either roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked. Brinjal is affected by several diseases of which little leaf caused by phytoplasma is one of the most important and limiting factors in brinjal cultivation in many parts of the country. It is due to improvement in production technology, protection measures and the genetic improvement which has shown significant advancement in yield, quality, diseases and insectpest resistance. Asia accounts for about 94 per cent of the world egg plant area, with about 92 per cent of world output fao, 2007. The fungal diseases of seeds and brinjal reported in bangladesh were early blight alternaria tomatophilia, cercospora leaf spot cercospora melongenae. Horticulture all semester notes pdf file collections, introductory horticulturepdf, pdf, files commercial floriculture pdf, fruit diseases pdf, disease and management of horticultural crops pdf, introduction to fruits and fruit plants pdf, growth and development of horticultural crops pdf, orchard management pdf, organic farming pdf, ornamental horticulture pdf, plant propagation and nursery. Little leaf of brinjal or eggplant solanum melongena l. A stereomicroscope was used for counting root galls and egg masses on the root system of. Virus diseases of brinjal in india eggplant virus diseases of brinjal in india from the journal proceedings of summer school on teaching of plant virology.
Genetically modified corn has not been found by the epa to pose significant health or environmental risks. Approp riate knowled ge about the fungal diseases o f brinjal in bareilly region is nece ssary as this i s the impo rtant centre fo r cultivation and transporta tion of brinjal fruit. The kharif crop is transplanted in july, rabi crop in october november and zaid crop in february months. Rotation with a grain crop, preferably a sod that will be in place for one or more seasons, deprives diseasecausing organisms of a host, and also contributes to a healthy soil structure that promotes vigorous plant growth. It is grown mainly fresh market and to a little extent for processing.
Thippeswamy b, krishnappa m, chakravarthy c n, sathisha a m, jyothi s u, kumar k v, 2006. Pdf the present study has been conducted to isolate and identify the leaf fungal spot pathogens of eggplant at different regions of basra city. Where rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease are endemic, rheumatic heart disease is the principal heart disease seen in pregnant women, causing significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and. The present publication, a guide to postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables, is. Diseases cause fewer losses in eggplants than do insect pests.
As the name indicates, symptoms of the disease include shortening of the petioles and production of leaves which are much smaller in size. The present publication, a guide to postharvest handling of fruits and vegetables, is an outcome of the research project entitled postharvest loss assessment. Little leaf, an mlocaused disease of eggplant, solanum melongena causes considerable economic losses varma, et al. The aesa based ipm brinjal, was compiled by the niphm working group under the. Injectable dyes in watermelon, peas, capsicum, brinjal, papaya seeds in black pepper etc.
Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Major diseases of brinjal, potato and tomato in bangladesh 7 table 4. The spots are mostly irregular, 48 mm in diameter and may coalesce to cover large areas of the leaf blade. The food is sucked of its nutrients and the place where the food is grown is often contaminated. Although often considered a vegetable, it is a berry by botanical. Bacterial wilt life cycle vegetable diseases cornell. Pdf on aug 1, 2012, adarsh pandey and others published studies on fungal diseases of brinjal in bareilly find, read and cite. India is the second largest brinjal producer in the world about 84. This article throw light upon the seven major diseases caused by brinjal. In internet explorer, rightclick on the link and select save target as.
It is affected by several virus diseases and amng them brinjal nosaic virus is cne of the inp. General description brinjal or eggplant solanum melongena l. Managing thrips in pepper and eggplant 2 mellinger 2009, weiss et al. Rootknot disease and its management in brinjal 127 under water. Pathogenicity and management of phomopsis blight and leaf spot in brinjal caused by phomopsis vexans and alternaria solani. The aesa based ipm chilliescapsicum was compiled by the niphm working group under the chairmanship of dr. India abstract in the present study, isolates were identified as r. It contributes 9% of the total vegetable production of the country.
In netscape, rightclick on the link and select save link as. This disease found to be serious in the tropical and subtropical regions, where. Phytophthora blight affects pepper and eggplant phytophthora capsici disease development favored by cool temps 80 to 90 f and high humidity. Bell pepper plants are short bushes with woody stems that grow brightly colored fruits. Printed versions of the nih curriculum supplements are available to qualified people free of charge. Horticulture all semester notes pdf file collections. Life cycle of bacterial wilt vegetable diseases cornell. Some important plant pathogenic disease of brinjal solanum. Eggplant production guide agricultural training institute. Studies on mosaic disease of brinjal solanum melongena. Epidemics of tomato spotted wilt virus occur frequently in. Vegetable production technologies and organic production prakash s naik indian institute of vegetable research. It is cultivated for the immature fruits which are either roasted, fried, stuffed, cooked pickled or processed.
Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. This practice greatly contributes to the escalating problem of insect pest such as green leafhopper and fruit and shoot borer. Vegetable production technologies and organic production. Agronomy all notes pdf file collections, whole books pdf file, cereal crops pdf files, commercial crops pdf files, diseases and management of field crops pdf files, field crops pdf files, field crops pdf files, practical crop production pdf files, diseases and management of field crops pdf files, principles of seed technology pdf files, water management and microirrigation pdf files, crop. Fungal diseases late blight late blight, the disease that was responsible for the infamous irish potato famine of the 1840s, is a highly devastating disease affecting both tomato and potato. Pdf a study of eggplant leaf spot disease in greenhouses at basra. Global agrochemical consumption dominated by fruits and vegetables. Planting resistant varieties is the most efficient and simplest method of disease control. Integrating biopesticides in pest management strategies for tropical vegetable production r.
Brinjal fruit unripe is primarily consumed as cooked vegetable in various ways and dried shoots. Due to its versatality in use in indian diet, brinjal is described as the king of vegetables choudhary and gaur, 2009. Efficacy and economics of biopesticides for the management. Little leaf of brinjal is known to cause heavy economic losses in india. This virus is one of about twenty known species of tospoviruses pappu et al. Agronomy all semester notes pdf file collections help for ag. Anr publication 8040 alternaria diseases 3 foliar diseases caused by ascomycetes and imperfect asexual fungi disease management suppression of alternaria diseases can be accomplished in several ways. Such a potential crop is known to suffer from many diseases including damping off, seedling blight fruit rot etc caused by phomopsis vexans, fusarium sp, rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii, phytophthora capsici etc. Brinjal is prone to attack by many insectpests, and diseases. High soil, moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease. Integrating biopesticides in pest management strategies for. Horticulture all semester notes pdf file collections help. Plant protection insects gram pod borer heliothis armigera it is a polyphagous, attacks most of the cultivated crops, major pest of tomato, and widely distributed throughout the country. The same practices are effective for preventing the buildup of root.
Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. The diseased brinjal plants were examined carefully in the field and their descriptions. In the northern plains three crops are taken but in frost affected area rabi crop is not fruitful. For additional information, please read the supplement distribution policy. Integrating biopesticides in pest management strategies. Virus diseases of brinjal in india eggplant virus diseases of brinjal in india save as. Rai crop protection division, indian institute of vegetable research varanasi. The western flower thrips is the most efficient vector of tomato spotted wilt virus. Economic and health impacts of genetically modified eggplant. Eggplant usa, australia, new zealand, anglophone canada, aubergine uk, ireland, france, quebec or brinjal south asia, south africa is a plant species in the nightshade family solanaceae. Pdf health benefits and bioactive compounds of eggplant. Feb 21, 2015 insect pests of brinjal plant 20150220 1. Bacteria enter xylem vessels of leaf veins and move down the peitole and vine.
Some important plant pathogenic disease of brinjal. Eggplant is generally cultivated as a monocrop year round. Tissue cultured plants any country certified that the tissue cultured plants were obtained from mother stock tested and maintained free from virus. Eggplant is the countrys top ranking vegetable in terms of value production. Major diseases of tomato, pepper and eggplant in greenhouses. Brinjal is considered a native to india where the major domestication of large fruited cultivars occurred. This was done mainly for the general observations with regard to foot rot disease of brinjal plants. Life cycle of bacterial wilt caused by erwinia tracheiphila originally produced as a poster by t. The alternating leaves are elliptical, smooth edged, and come to a distinct point. Avoid planting in areas known to be affected or after tomatoes, potatoes or capsicums. Ralstonia solanacearum, bacterial blight, pesticide resistance, brinjal. Greenhouse climatic conditions provide an ideal environment for the development of many foliar, stem and soilborne plant diseases. Agronomy all semester notes pdf file collections help.